Reducing Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) From Agricultural Soil Fumigation: Comparing Emission Estimates Using Simplified Methodology FINAL REPORT

...........................................................................................................................................x Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... xi 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................1 1.1. Problem Description ............................................................................................................1 1.2. Project Objectives ................................................................................................................2 2. Methodology ...............................................................................................................................3 2.1. Materials ..............................................................................................................................3 2.2. Laboratory Studies ...............................................................................................................4 2.2.1. Soil Column Design .................................................................................................4 2.2.2. Soil Chamber Design ...............................................................................................6 2.3. Field Plot Study Methods (Field 2B, 2009) .........................................................................9 2.4. Sample Handling ................................................................................................................11 2.4.1. Sample Storage ......................................................................................................11 2.4.2. Sample Extraction ..................................................................................................11 2.4.3. Sample Analysis.....................................................................................................11 2.5. Modeling Methods .............................................................................................................12 2.5.1. Transport Equations ...............................................................................................12 2.5.2. Parameterization ....................................................................................................15 3. Shank Injection Studies .............................................................................................................18 3.1. Laboratory Experiments Simulating the 2007 Buttonwillow Field Experiment: Influence of deep injection and ammonium thiosulfate application on shank injected Telone C-35 emissions. ......................................................................................................18 3.1.1. Experiment Information .........................................................................................18 3.1.2. Results and Discussion ..........................................................................................18 3.1.3. Comparison of Soil Column Experimental Data and Model Simulations .............21 3.1.4. Comparing Simulations to the 2007 Buttonwillow Field Study Emission Data ...24 3.2. Laboratory Experiments Simulating the 2005 Buttonwillow Field Experiment: Influence of irrigation and organic matter addition on shank-injected Telone II emissions. ...........................................................................................................................33 3.2.1. Experimental Information ......................................................................................33 3.2.2. Results and Discussion ..........................................................................................33 3.2.3. Comparison of Soil Column Experimental Data and Model Simulations .............36 3.2.4. Comparing Simulations to the 2005 Buttonwillow Field Study Emission Data ...38 3.3. Laboratory Shank Injection Studies with Telone C-35: Extension to wider range of emission reduction strategies. ............................................................................................42 3.3.1. Experimental Information ......................................................................................42 3.3.2. Results and Discussion ..........................................................................................42